STAKEHOLDERS’ INSIGHTS INTO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT TO PARENT VIOLENCE AND ABUSE (CAPVA): A METASYNTHESIS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs164202522583Keywords:
child and adolescent to parent violence and abuse, domestic abuse, child violence, familyAbstract
Child and adolescent to parent violence and abuse (CAPVA) is one of the more complex areas within the domestic abuse domain. There is no clear consensus about the definition of CAPVA, nor are there widely accepted policies and guidelines about how to approach it. By reanalyzing findings collected from 21 qualitative studies that included children, adolescents, and parents who have experienced CAPVA and professionals who supported them, the current metasynthesis aims to contribute to the growing body of research in the area and to move towards developing more coherent policies and professional guidelines. Current findings highlight how the cycle of CAPVA impacts and is impacted by inherent terminological contradictions, relational tensions between parents and their children, the perceived attribution of its causes, and the accessibility of support systems. The multiple interconnected factors that were found lead to a comprehensive psychosocial model of CAPVA with practical implications for related services.
Downloads
References
Agnew, R., & Huguley, S. (1989). Adolescent violence toward parents. Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, 51(3), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.2307/352169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/352169
Arias-Rivera, S., Hidalgo, V., & Lorence, B. (2020). A scoping study on measures of child-to-parent violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, Article 101426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101426
Arias-Rivera, S., Lorence, B., & Hidalgo, V. (2022). Parenting skills, family functioning and social support in situations of child-to-parent violence: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of Family Violence, 37(7), 1147–1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00316-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00316-y
Armstrong, G. S., Cain, C. M., Wylie, L. E., Muftić, L. R., & Bouffard, L. A. (2018). Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence: A nationally representative sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 58, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002
Atkins, L., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2008). Conducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: Lessons learnt. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(21), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-21
Baker, V., & Bonnick, H. (2021). Understanding CAPVA. Domestic Abuse Commissioner & Respect. https://domesticabusecommissioner.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/CAPVA-Rapid-Literature-Review-Exec-Summary-November-2021-Baker-and-Bonnick.pdf
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Prentice-Hall. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1227918
Belcher, B., & Palenberg, M. (2018). Outcomes and impacts of development interventions: Toward conceptual clarity. American Journal of Evaluation, 39(4), 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214018765698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214018765698
Bell, R. (2018). Adolescent-to-parent violence and abuse: Abused parents’ accounts [Masters of Science thesis, University of Bedfordshire]. https://uobrep.openrepository.com/handle/10547/624927
Birdsall, N., Graham-Kevan, N., Tucker, R., Scollay, C., Powney, D., Retford, S., Robertson, A., & Coe, R. (2023). Understanding child-to-parent domestic abuse. A dynamic typology of police reported cases. University of Central Lancashire. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370446005_Understanding_Child-to-Parent_Domestic_Abuse
Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7(5), 345–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(66)80065-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(66)80065-2
Brennan, I., Burnley, N., Cutmore, M., Holt, A., Lillis, J., Llewellyn, J., MacLeod, S., Shah, M., Van Zanten, R., & Vicentini, L. (2022). Comprehensive needs assessment of child/adolescent to parent violence and abuse in London [Final report]. London’s Violence Reduction Unit.
Burck, D., Walsh, D., & Lynch, D. (2020). Silenced mothers: Exploring definitions of adolescent-to-parent violence and implications for practice. Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education, 21(1), 7–18.
Campbell, R., Pound, P., Pope, C., Britten, N., Pill, R., Morgan, M., & Donovan, J. (2003). Evaluating meta-ethnography: a synthesis of qualitative research on lay experiences of diabetes and diabetes care. Social Science & Medicine, 56(4), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00064-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00064-3
Cano-Lozano, M. C., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., León, S. P., & Contreras, L. (2020). Analyzing the relationship between child-to-parent violence and perceived parental warmth. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 590097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590097
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Bertino, L., Gonzalez, Z., Montes, Y., Padilla, P., & Pereira, R. (2014). Child-to-parent violence in adolescents: The perspectives of the parents, children, and professionals in a sample of Spanish focus group participants. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 343–352.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9578-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9578-5
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Gámez-Guadix, M., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., & de Arroyabe, E. L. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: An exploratory study of the roles of family violence and parental discipline through the stories told by Spanish children and their parents. Violence and Victims, 30(6), 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-14-00105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-14-00105
Clarke, K., Holt, A., Norris, C., & Nel, P. W. (2017). Adolescent-to-parent violence and abuse: Parents’ management of tension and ambiguity—an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Child & Family Social Work, 22(4), 1423–1430. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12363
Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2012). Adolescent to parent violence and youth justice in England and Wales. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000601
Coogan, D. (2011). Child-to-parent violence: Challenging perspectives on family violence. Child Care in Practice, 17(4), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2011.596815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2011.596815
Cottrell, B., & Monk, P. (2004). Adolescent-to-parent abuse: A qualitative overview of common themes. Journal of Family Issues, 25(8), 1072–1095. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03261330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03261330
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. (2023). CASP Checklists. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
Cuervo, K. (2023). A deeper understanding of child to parent violence (CPV): Personal Traits, family context, and parenting. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 67(10-11), 1079–1105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211065588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211065588
Domestic Abuse Act 2021, Home Office (2021).
Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H. (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008
Doorewaard, C. (2014). The dark figure of crime and its impact on the criminal justice system. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology & Victimology, 27(2), 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC165952
Edenborough, M., Jackson, D., Mannix, J., & Wilkes, L. M. (2008). Living in the red zone: The experience of child-to-mother violence. Child & Family Social Work, 13(4), 464–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00576.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00576.x
Erdem, G., & Safi, O. A. (2018). The cultural lens approach to Bowen family systems theory: Contributions of family change theory. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(2), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12258
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007a). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007b). Re-victimization patterns in a national longitudinal sample of children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(5), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.012
Gabriel, L., Tizro, Z., James, H., Cronin-Davis, J., Beetham, T., Corbally, A., Lopez-Moreno, E., & Hill, S. (2018). “Give me some space”: Exploring youth to parent aggression and violence. Journal of Family Violence, 33(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-017-9928-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-017-9928-1
García-Sancho, E., Salguero, J. M., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2017). Ability emotional intelligence and its relation to aggression across time and age groups. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12331
Herts, K. L., McLaughlin, K. A. & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2012). Emotion Dysregulation as a Mechanism Linking Stress Exposure to Adolescent Aggressive Behavior — Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(7), pp. 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9629-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9629-4
Holt, A. (2011). “The terrorist in my home”: Teenagers’ violence towards parents – Constructions of parent experiences in public online message boards. Child & Family Social Work, 16(4), 454–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00760.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00760.x
Holt, A. (2012). Adolescent-to-parent abuse: Current understandings in research, policy and practice. Policy Press. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=V0NqDwAAQBAJ DOI: https://doi.org/10.46692/9781447308645
Holt, A. (2016a). Adolescent-to-parent abuse as a form of “domestic violence”: A conceptual review. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 17(5), 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584372
Holt, A. (2016b) Working with adolescent violence and abuse towards parents: Approaches and contexts for intervention. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315750781
Holt, A. (2022). Child to parent abuse [Report]. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation.
Holt, A., & Lewis, S. (2021). Constituting child-to-parent violence: Lessons from England and Wales. The British Journal of Criminology, 61(3), 792–811. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa088
Holt, A., & Retford, S. (2013). Practitioner accounts of responding to parent abuse: A case study in ad hoc delivery, perverse outcomes and a policy silence. Child & Family Social Work, 18(3), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00860.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00860.x
Howard, J., & Rottem, N. (2008). It all starts at home: Male adolescent violence to mothers [Report]. Inner South Community Health Service.
https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2008-09/apo-nid3995.pdf
Ibabe, I. (2020). A systematic review of youth-to-parent aggression: Conceptualization, typologies, and instruments. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 577757. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577757 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577757
Jiménez, T. I., Estévez, E., Velilla, C. M., Martín-Albo, J., & Martínez, M. L. (2019). Family communication and verbal child-to-parent violence among adolescents: The mediating role of perceived stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), Article 4538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224538
Jiménez-Granado, A., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., & Fernández-González, L. (2023). Interaction of parental discipline strategies and adolescents’ personality traits in the prediction of child-to-parent violence. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 15(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a5
Lachal, J., Revah-Levy, A., Orri, M., & Moro, M. R. (2017). Metasynthesis: An original method to synthesize qualitative literature in psychiatry. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 8, Article 269. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00269
Li, S. D., Xiong, R., Liang, M., Zhang, X., & Tang, W. (2021). Pathways from family violence to adolescent violence: Examining the mediating mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 611006. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611006
Loinaz Calvo, I., & de Sousa, A. M. (2020). Assessing risk and protective factors in clinical and judicial child-to-parent violence cases. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12(1), 43–51. http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/178390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a5
López-Martínez, P., Montero-Montero, D., Moreno-Ruiz, D., & Martínez-Ferrer, B. (2019). The role of parental communication and emotional intelligence in child-to-parent violence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(12), Article 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9120148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9120148
Lyons, J., Bell, T., Fréchette, S., & Romano, E. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: Frequency and family correlates. Journal of Family Violence, 30(6), 729–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8
Messiah, A. P., & Johnson, E. J. (2017). Social work intervention in adolescent-to-parent abuse. Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment, 27(3), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2016.1270868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2016.1270868
Miles, C., & Condry, R. (2015). Responding to adolescent to parent violence: Challlenges for policy and practice. The British Journal of Criminology, 55(6), 1076–1095. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43819344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv095
Navas-Martínez, M. J., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2022). Profile of the victimized aggressor in child-to-parent violence: Differences according to the type of victimization. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 22(2), Article 100302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100302
Navas-Martínez, M. J., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2023). Relationship between child-to-parent violence and cumulative childhood adversity: The mediating role of parental attachment, resilience, and emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1135419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135419
Nixon, J. (2012). Practitioners’ constructions of parent abuse. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000649
Noblit, G. W. & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-Ethnography. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985000
Nowakowski-Sims, E., & Rowe, A. (2015). Using trauma informed treatment models with child-to-parent violence. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 8(4), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-015-0065-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-015-0065-9
O’Toole, S. E., Tsermentseli, S., Papastergiou, A., & Monks, C. P. (2022). A qualitative exploration of practitioners’ understanding of and response to child-to-parent aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11-12), NP8274–NP8296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520967142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520967142
Papamichail, A., & Bates, E. A. (2022). “I want my Mum to know that i am a good guy …”: A thematic analysis of the accounts of adolescents who exhibit child-to-parent violence in the United Kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9-10), NP6135–NP6158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520926317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520926317
Peek, C. W., Fischer, J. L., & Kidwell, J. S. (1985). Teenage violence toward parents: A neglected dimension of family violence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(4), 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.2307/352350 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/352350
Rutter, N. (2021). “I’m meant to be his comfort blanket, not a punching bag”: Ethnomimesis as an exploration of maternal child to parent violence in pre-adolescents. Qualitative Social Work, 20(5), 1317–1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325020940774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325020940774
Rutter, N. (2023). “My [search strategies] keep missing you”: A Scoping review to map child-to-parent violence in childhood aggression literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), Article 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054176
Rutter, N., Hall, K., & Westmarland, N. (2023). Responding to child and adolescent‐to‐parent violence and abuse from a distance: Remote delivery of interventions during Covid‐19. Children & Society, 37(3), 705–721. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12622 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12622
Selwyn J., & Meakings, S. (2016) Adolescent-to-parent violence in adoptive families. The British Journal of Social Work, 46(5), 1224–1240. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcv072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcv072
Shanholtz, C. E., O’Hara, K. L., Duchschere, J. E., Beck, C. J., & Lawrence, E. (2020). Understanding the perception of stakeholders in reducing adolescent-to-parent violence/aggression. Journal of Adolescence, 80(1), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.015
Sharma, B., Nam, E. W., Kim, H. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2016). The influence of witnessing inter-parental violence and bullying victimization in involvement in fighting among adolescents: Evidence from a school-based cross-sectional survey in Peru. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 6(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2016.6.1.27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2016.6.1.27
Shoar, S. N., Sheidaei, L., & Ghavidel, A. (2016). Comparative study of attachment relationships in young children with symptoms of externalizing disorders: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder and normal children. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences. https://www.ijmrhs.com/abstract/comparative-study-of-attachment-relationships-in-young-children-with-symptoms-of-externalizing-disorders-attentiondefici-5223.html
Sim, J., & Mengshoel, A. M. (2022). Metasynthesis: Issues of empirical and theoretical context. Quality & Quantity, 57(4), 3339–3361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01502-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01502-w
Smith, C. A., Ireland, T. O., Park, A., Elwyn, L., & Thornberry, T. P. (2011). Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in intimate partner violence: A two-generational prospective study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(18), 3720–3752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403751
Soto, V. R., Doménech, M. J. G., & Mateo, P. S. (2022). Child-to-parent violence in the spotlight: Thematic analysis of interviews with parents who participated in the VÍNCULO project of the University of Valencia. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 11(1), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2022.1.181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2022.1.181
Su, W., Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2010). Social cognitive and emotional mediators link violence exposure and parental nurturance to adolescent aggression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 814–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2010.517163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2010.517163
Suárez-Relinque, C., del Moral Arroyo, G., León-Moreno, C., & Callejas Jerónimo, J. E. (2019). Child-to-parent violence: Which parenting style is more protective? A study with Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), Article 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081320
Suri, H. (2013). Towards methodologically inclusive research syntheses: Expanding possibilities. Routledge. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=2Z83AAAAQBAJ DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203383193
Tew, J., & Nixon, J. (2010). Parent abuse: Opening up a discussion of a complex instance of family power relations. Social Policy and Society, 9(4), 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746410000291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746410000291
Theule, J., Germain, S. M., Cheung, K., Hurl, K. E., & Markel, C. (2016). Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder and attachment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-016-0031-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-016-0031-8
Thompson, H. M., Wojciak, A. S., & Cooley, M. E. (2019). Family-based approach to the child welfare system: an integration of Bowen family theory concepts. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(3), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2019.1584776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2019.1584776
Thorley, W., & Coates, A.. (2018). Let’s talk about: Child–parent violence and aggression (CPVA). 2018 survey: Extended summary. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331904503_Let's_Talk_About_Child_-Parent_Violence_and_Aggression_CPVA_2018_Survey_Extended_summary
Thorne, S., Jensen, L., Kearney, M. H., Noblit, G., & Sandelowski, M. (2004). Qualitative metasynthesis: Reflections on methodological orientation and ideological agenda. Qualitative Health Research, 14(10), 1342–1365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732304269888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732304269888
Toole-Anstey, C., Keevers, L., & Townsend, M. L. (2021). A systematic review of child to parent violence interventions. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 24(2), 1157–1171. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211053618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211053618
Toole-Anstey, C., Townsend, M., & Keevers, L. (2023). “I wasn’t gonna quit, but by hook or by crook I was gonna find a way through for the kids”: A narrative inquiry, of mothers and practitioners, exploring the help-seeking of mothers’ experiencing child to parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 39, 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00511-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00511-z
Tseloni, A., & Pease, K. (2003). Repeat personal victimization. “Boosts” or “flags”? The British Journal of Criminology, 43(1), 196–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.1.196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.1.196
Wilcox, P. (2012). Is parent abuse a form of domestic violence? Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000613
Zhang, L., Cai, C., Wang, Z., Tao, M., Liu, X., & Craig, W. (2019). Adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression: The role of father violence and maternal parenting style. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98, Article 104229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104229
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors contributing to the International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies agree to release their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported license. This licence allows anyone to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it for non-commercial purposes provided that appropriate attribution is given, and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal right of first publication.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Rights Granted After Publication
After publication, authors may reuse portions or the full article without obtaining formal permission for inclusion within their thesis or dissertation.
Permission for these reuses is granted on the following conditions:
- that full acknowledgement is made of the original publication stating the specific material reused [pages, figure numbers, etc.], [Title] by/edited by [Author/editor], [year of publication], reproduced by permission of International Journal of Child, Youth & Family Studies [link to IJCYFS website];
- In the case of joint-authored works, it is the responsibility of the author to obtain permission from co-authors for the work to be reuse/republished;
- that reuse on personal websites and institutional or subject-based repositories includes a link to the work as published in the International Journal of Child, Youth & Family Studies; and that the material is not distributed under any kind of Open Access style licences (e.g. Creative Commons) which may affect the Licence between the author and IJCYFS.
