Reconceptualizing Imaginary Friends: Interdisciplinary Approaches for Understanding Invisible Companions

Kate Adams; Emma Stanford; Harpreet Singh

doi:10.18357/jcs202220569

Authors

Kate Adams Leeds Trinity University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-0966
Emma Stanford https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-4104
Harpreet Singh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs202220569

Keywords:

imaginary friends, invisible companions, imaginary companions, children’s spirituality, children’s imagination

Abstract

Imaginary friends or invisible companions are common features of cross-cultural childhoods. Research is primarily located in developmental psychology, where invisible companions are considered part of imaginary play. We argue for a reconceptualization of the core phenomenon, to one of regularly interacting with a person who is not normally perceptible to others, instead of uncritically adopting the dominant Euro-Western ontology of imagination. Analyzing the central experience through other branches of psychology, anthropology, religion, and spirituality shows that different fields are potentially discussing the same phenomenon, albeit obscured by disciplinary boundaries. We outline some implications of this new approach for the development of childhood studies.

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